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	Next IAG event on Zoom - Monday 17 January 2022 The next presentation for the Ingleborough Archaeology Group will be on Zoom on Monday, 17th of January. Professor Peter Rowley-Conwy will talk to the Group on: 'Britain's First Farmers - How Primitive Were They?' The invitations to the Zoom meeting will go out to members on Friday, 14 January. Any non-members who would like to attend should contact us on: ingleborougharchaeologygroup@gmail.com
	The CBA look back at 2021 Click here to see some of the Council for British Archaeology highlights from 2021.
	New program and activities for 2022 Click here to see the new IAG program of talks, walks and visits for 2022. Click here to see the excavations for 2022.
	Thanks to Prof. Angus Winchester Our thanks go to Prof. Angus Winchester of Lancaster University, who gave an excellent talk to the Group on 'Dry Stone Walls and Landscape History'. As we were faced, yet again, with Covid uncertainties, Angus agreed to give his presentation via Zoom. He showed us how the 'dry stone wall' has developed through history and how its characteristics can be spotted and used to infer its age, its original purpose and how it has been modified over time.
	Updates from the Cairn Survey Yvonne Luke has just released the latest update of the Cairn Survey Report - available here - and  a set of research questions for the Sleights Pasture Round Cairn complex - available here.
	Blog update: More from Yvonne Luke's Cairn Survey blog here
	The Buildings and Monuments of Lady Anne Clifford Many thanks to Dr Adam White who gave a fascinating presentation on the life of Lady Anne Clifford (Monday 15 November 2021). He explained how she fought against the gender prejudice of the day to overcome legal decisions which went against her, and how she then maintained and improved the buildings which were rightfully hers.
	Milestones, Boundary Stones and Wayside Crosses Many thaks to David Garside who gave an excellent talk to the IAG on Monday, 18 October 2021. The wealth of material he presented showed a dedication to a fascinating subject.
	The Sleights Pasture Round Cairn Friday the 3rd of September saw the start of the survey of the Sleights Pasture Round Cairn. Yvonne Luke has started a blog of the process, which can be found here.
	Chasing pavements 23 July 2021 Members of IAG working on phase 2 of David Johnson's 'Placed Stones' project up on White Scars and Lead Mine Moss limestone pavements. Photo by Maurice White
	An afternoon at Holy Ascension Church, Settle 19 July 2021 The Ingleborough Archaeology Group spent a sunny afternoon in the company of Sarah Lister. She followed up her entertaining talk from January 2020 with a history of the church, a tour of the graveyard and an in-depth look at some of the local characters buried there.
	An evening out in Austwick 21 June 2021 IAG enjoyed a most unusual event: an evening out in each other's company. David Johnson led a group of IAG members around the Ribblesdale village of Austwick. Not only did we learn about the history of individual buildings, we also saw how the land around had been used in the past. We also looked (from the outside) at a couple of houses owned by current members. The evening was blessed with fine weather and was made all the more enjoyable by being able to discuss details in person with our knowledgeable guide. Hopefuly, this is the start of getting back to some kind of normality for the Group.
	Excavations at Ribblehead June 2021 The Group once again visited the moors near to the Ribblehead viaduct to investigate a site identified a few years ago. More news to follow once analysis of the results are known.
	Dr David Johnson's new book June 2021 David Johnson's new book: 'Brickmaking, History and Heritage' is now out. Across much of the country buildings have been made of brick, rather than stone, from the Roman period onwards. High status buildings of the Tudor and Stuart eras were often made of clay brick, but it was only in the nineteenth century that the use of brick in rapid industrial and urban development saw a massive increase in brick production. Mechanisation of the various processes, along with the development of new kiln technologies, enabled this increase in output. Age-old clamp kilns were replaced by kilns capable of turning out thousands of bricks per week. Because bricks had a very low individual unit cost, and because so many were needed for each new building, brickmaking was always a localised industry: wherever suitable raw materials occured close to the intended market, brickworks would spring up. The thousands of sites that existed at one time or another have mostly been swept away and brickmaking now is concentrated in relatively few sites. This book explores the history of the brickmaking industry and looks at production sites from the past and the present.
	Anglo-Saxon Settlement in North Craven April 2021 Many thanks to Dr David Johnson for his presentation to the Group on 19 April 2021. The received wisdom used to be: "There is no evidence of Anglo-Saxon settlement in the North West". We all appreciated the satisfaction David took in proving, once again, that this is demonstrably untrue.
	Excavations at the Later Mesolithic Site of Cow Green March 2021 Many thanks to Dr Rob Young for the presentation he gave to the IAG on March 25th. The report from the excavation at Cow Green can be downloaded from the Altogether Archaeology website. Click on the image to the right to access the report - CTRL click to launch in a new window.
	Current Archaeology Live 2021 March 2021 Presentations for the Current Archaeology Live 2021 series are still available on YouTube - click on the image
	A Scottish Stone Circle in Craven February 2021 Many thanks to Roger Martlew for his online talk on A Scottish Stone Circle in Craven, delivered on February 15th.
	Ingleborough's Placed Stones January 2021 See Dr David Johnson's presention on Ingleborough's Placed Stones - stone settings on the hill's limestone pavements by clicking on the image to the right. (Ctrl - click if you want it to start in a new window).
	New program for 2021 Online presentations In spring 2021 IAG will offer to members four online presentations. These will be on dates when we would have held a talk at the Community Centre. Members will be sent an email which will have a link to each talk. There will be opportunities to ask questions about the talk remotely. January 18th – Dr. David Johnson: Ingleborough's Placed Stones: Stone Settings on the Hill's Limestone Pavements February 15th – Dr. Roger Martlew: A Scottish Stone Circle in Craven March 15th – Dr. Rob Young: Excavations at the Later Mesolithic Site of Cow Green April 19th – Dr. David Johnson: Anglo-Saxon Settlement in North Craven Practical Activities The following activities are at the planning stage: Runscar excavation – members will remember that the 2020 plan was to carry our two of three excavations to investigate sites which may prove to be sheilings. Planning has begun to investigate the site at Runscar near Ribblehead with some magnetometry, pre excavation site drawing and a five to six day excavation. At present we expect that each day numbers on site will be limited to six participants. Survey of Sleights Pasture Great Round Cairn – Yvonne Luke is planning a range of work in small groups to investigate this site. Various techniques will be involved including Total Station, Tape and Offset. The possibility of Drone use is also being considered. Sell Gill – Dr. David Johnson is intending to run a number of ad hoc days to investigate the remains of this structure. Placed Stones – Dr. David Johnson is hoping to resume this research in the summer, again in small groups.
	IAG Committee - update The makeup of the new IAG Committee was decided by postal ballot this year. The new Chair of the Committee is Bob Moore. The new Treasurer is John Cuthbert.
	All IAG activities have been suspended for the duration of 2020, due to Covid-19 measures There will be no practical activities this year The Runscar excavation is planned for September 2021 The Clapdale excavation is planned for April 2022 The excavation at Clapham Bottoms is planned for September 2020
	Ingleton Christmas Fair On 24 November 2019, the IAG display included a selection of historic documents kindly donated by the Ingleborough Community Centre. There is a wide range of material, covering a significant part of the village's recent history. The Group plans to investigate these documents over the coming year to aid research into the local history of the area.
	Surveying in Ingleborough One of the important tasks for members of the Group is to record sites in and around Ingleborough before they disappear from view. Although we have not the resources to excavate every interesting site, we can survey and add them to the historical record for future investigation. We regularly survey using Total Station and Tape & Offset methods.
	IAG visit to view Rock Art on Baildon Moor On 15 September, members enjoyed an afternoon on Baildon Moor viewing Rock Art. The visit was led by an IAG member, Mike Short.
	IAG visit to the village of Wray On 14 July, members spent a most enjoyable afternoon touring the streets of Wray and learning about its history. Our leader was Mike Winstanley, who has an extensive knowledge of the village. In addition to the walk he had prepared for us, he was also able to show the group the residence of George Smith, the land agent whose diary the IAG Documentary Group are investigating.
	Sunrise over High Brae Colleagues investigating the position of the cairn field on High Brae in relation to the mid-summer sunrise took photos on the early morning of 19 June. More photos here.
	Surveying on High Brae A team of IAG colleagues completed a survey of a cairn field on High Brae (on the eastern slopes of Ingleborough). Some 22 cairns were identified and recorded, the vast majority with some sandstone showing amongst the limestone. Further investigation will be needed to decide whether these are simply clearance cairns, or have some greater importance. More photos here.
		Visit to Whalley Abbey Members and guests made an excellent visit to Whalley Abbey on 21 May. The visit was led by Nigel Neil, an expert on the Abbey. He guided us inside and outside of the site, adding detail and context to the talk he gave earlier to the Group in April.
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